摘要:微機(jī)繼電保護(hù)是一種檢測(cè)和保護(hù)電網(wǎng)的智能綜合裝置,它根據(jù)所檢測(cè)的電網(wǎng)基波或諧波信號(hào)而對(duì)電網(wǎng)起快速的診斷和保護(hù)作用,其中基波和諧波電壓的實(shí)時(shí)的、準(zhǔn)確的檢測(cè)是保護(hù)電網(wǎng)的重要環(huán)節(jié)。本文介紹 了d-q坐標(biāo)變換的基波和n次諧波電壓檢測(cè)的基本原理,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了一種預(yù)設(shè)d-q轉(zhuǎn)換矩陣頻率 的基波或基波的n 次諧波分量檢測(cè)法。理論分析及仿真結(jié)果指出,基于該種預(yù)設(shè)轉(zhuǎn)換頻率 的檢測(cè)法不會(huì)三相電路電壓發(fā)生畸變而受影響,且檢測(cè)結(jié)果也能實(shí)時(shí)的反映頻率和幅值偏移的變化,驗(yàn)證了該方法的有效性和優(yōu)越性。
關(guān)鍵詞:諧波檢測(cè);d-q變換;基波檢測(cè);電力系統(tǒng)
A Harmonic Detecting Approach Based on d-q Rotating
Coordination Transformation
GUO Zhi-gang, QIAN-Qiang, LIU-Zou
(School of Communication and Control Engineering Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi 214122, China)
Abstract: microcomputer relay is a kind of intelligent devices used for detecting and protecting power system. Whenever, it quickly calculate whether the power system is wrong or not on the basis of the fundamental and harmonics detected from power system, And according to the calculating results to obviate the troubles, among them, the fundamental and harmonics acquired accurately in time is the most important part of the power system protection process. The basic principle of d-q fundamental and harmonics voltage detection is presented and on this basis a fundamental and harmonics detection method of presumption the transformation frequency is put forward. The results of the theoretical analysis and MATLAB simulation indicate that the d-q method in this paper can precisely detect the voltage and frequency change of the power system in time, whether the distortion voltage or not in three-phase power system .
Key words:Harmonics detection; d-q transformation; Fundamental detection;Power system
1.引言
電力系統(tǒng)發(fā)生故障時(shí),信號(hào)中不僅含有工頻分量,而且含有多種頻率成分的諧波分量和非周期分量。而目前絕大多數(shù)的微型機(jī)繼電保護(hù)原理都是建立在反映基波或者基波某些整數(shù)倍頻的諧波分量的基礎(chǔ)之上,如變壓器保護(hù)中用來(lái)識(shí)別勵(lì)磁涌流的二次諧波分量法,發(fā)電機(jī)定子繞組接地保護(hù)中接地故障的三次諧波法,三相短路保護(hù)的基波法等 [6][7],因此從故障電氣量中提取出基波和基于基波的某一次整數(shù)倍頻諧波就尤為關(guān)鍵,傳統(tǒng)的提取方法是采用FFT(快速傅立葉變換)和DFT(離散傅立葉變換)法,但這些算法不具備濾除非周期分量的能力,而且還有一個(gè)周期的延時(shí)[2],并且要得到所測(cè)量的信號(hào)需要兩次變換,計(jì)算量大,實(shí)時(shí)性不好[4][5]。基于自適應(yīng)濾波的檢測(cè)方法有較好的檢測(cè)精度,但是響應(yīng)速度慢。而基于瞬時(shí)無(wú)功功率理論的實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)方法則很好的解決了這一問(wèn)題,該方法可使電網(wǎng)中實(shí)際電壓的畸變不會(huì)影響檢測(cè)精度,而且具有快速的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)速度。
本文在d-q 坐標(biāo)變換檢測(cè)法的基礎(chǔ)上,提出一種新的d-q坐標(biāo)變換檢測(cè)方法,通過(guò)預(yù)選設(shè)定 d-q 變換矩陣的頻率,從而不要鎖相環(huán)的電路即能準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)出負(fù)荷電流的基頻分量。該方法完全實(shí)現(xiàn)了d-q檢測(cè)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),不受電壓畸變影響,并能應(yīng)用于具有不對(duì)稱負(fù)荷的情況,最后用MATLAB/SIMULINK對(duì)改進(jìn)d-q法的檢測(cè)性能作了動(dòng)態(tài)仿真分析,結(jié)果表明了該方法能很好的從電網(wǎng)中檢測(cè)出該電網(wǎng)的基波或者n次諧波。電壓檢測(cè)精度將不會(huì)因?qū)嶋H三相電路發(fā)生畸變而受影響
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一種基于d-q變換的基波和諧波檢測(cè)方案的研究.doc